With an all-new design that looks great on macOS Big Sur, Xcode 12 has customizable font sizes for the navigator, streamlined code completion, and new document tabs. Xcode 12 builds Universal apps by default to support Mac with Apple Silicon, often without changing a single line of code.
AdGuard for Mac Unlike other ad blockers, AdGuard is designed with macOS specifics in mind. It not only provides defense against ads in Safari and other browsers, but it also protects you from tracking, phishing, and fraud. Expert Advisor Features trailing profit in the deposit currency (Trailing Stop Money) closing by a profit or loss in the deposit currency opening orders at a specified time managing positions opened manually or by another Expert Advisor calculating initial lot based on the current balance limiting the maximum lot volume choosing trading type several types and methods of averaging visually. Minority Report: Changing of the guard at Apple? 'One more thing. ' won't be the same without Jobs. Nsnotify support for OS X 10.8. #311 netzpirat merged 8 commits into guard: master from unknown repository Aug 3, 2012 Conversation 26 Commits 8 Checks 0 Files changed. Step 7: The Guard system will send you alerts and warnings if it detects any suspicious activities or sounds (footsteps, coughing, etc.). The system is designed to detect human noises instead of.
Designed for macOS Big Sur.
Xcode 12 looks great on macOS Big Sur, with a navigator sidebar that goes to the top of the window and clear new toolbar buttons. The navigator defaults to a larger font that's easier to read, while giving you multiple size choices. New document tabs make it easy to create a working set of files within your workspace.
Document tabs.
The new tab model lets you open a new tab with a double-click, or track the selected file as you click around the navigator. You can re-arrange the document tabs to create a working set of files for your current task, and configure how content is shown within each tab. The navigator tracks the open files within your tabs using strong selection.
Navigator font sizes.
The navigator now tracks the system setting for 'Sidebar icon size' used in Finder and Mail. You can also choose a unique font size just for Xcode within Preferences, including the traditional dense information presentation, and up to large fonts and icon targets.
Code completion streamlined.
A new completion UI presents only the information you need, taking up less screen space as you type. And completions are presented much faster, so you can keep coding at maximum speed.
Redesigned organizer.
An all-new design groups all critical information about each of your apps together in one place. Choose any app from any of your teams, then quickly navigate to inspect crash logs, energy reports, and performance metrics, such as battery consumption and launch time of your apps when used by customers.
SwiftUI
SwiftUI offers new features, improved performance, and the power to do even more, all while maintaining a stable API that makes it easy to bring your existing SwiftUI code forward into Xcode 12. A brand new life cycle management API for apps built with SwiftUI lets you write your entire app in SwiftUI and share even more code across all Apple platforms. And a new widget platform built on SwiftUI lets you build widgets that work great on iPad, iPhone, and Mac. Your SwiftUI views can now be shared with other developers, and appear as first-class controls in the Xcode library. And your existing SwiftUI code continues to work, while providing faster performance, better diagnostics, and access to new controls.
Universal app ready.
Xcode 12 is built as a Universal app that runs 100% natively on Intel-based CPUs and Apple Silicon for great performance and a snappy interface.* It also includes a unified macOS SDK that includes all the frameworks, compilers, debuggers, and other tools you need to build apps that run natively on Apple Silicon and the Intel x86_64 CPU.
The Guard Mac Os Catalina
Updated automatically
When you open your project in Xcode 12, your app is automatically updated to produce release builds and archives as Universal apps. When you build your app, Xcode produces one binary 'slice' for Apple Silicon and one for the Intel x86_64 CPU, then wraps them together as a single app bundle to share or submit to the Mac App Store. You can test this at any time by selecting 'Any Mac' as the target in the toolbar.
Test multiple architectures.
On the new Mac with Apple Silicon, you can run and debug apps running on either the native architecture or on Intel virtualization by selecting 'My Mac (Rosetta)' in the toolbar.
Multiplatform template
New multiplatform app templates set up new projects to easily share code among iOS, iPadOS, and macOS using SwiftUI and the new lifecycle APIs. The project structure encourages sharing code across all platforms, while creating special custom experiences for each platform where it makes sense for your app.
Improved auto-indentation
Swift code is auto-formatted as you type to make common Swift code patterns look much better, including special support for the 'guard' command.
StoreKit testing
New tools in Xcode let you create StoreKit files that describe the various subscription and in-app purchase products your app can offer, and create test scenarios to make sure everything works great for your customers — all locally testable on your Mac.
Get started.
Download Xcode 12 and use these resources to build apps for all Apple platforms.
Quis custodiet ipsos custodes? is a Latin phrase found in the work of the Roman poet Juvenal from his Satires (Satire VI, lines 347–348). It is literally translated as 'Who will guard the guards themselves?', though it is also known by variant translations, such as 'Who watches the watchers?' and 'Who will watch the watchmen?'.
The original context deals with the problem of ensuring marital fidelity, though the phrase is now commonly used more generally to refer to the problem of controlling the actions of persons in positions of power, an issue discussed by Plato in the Republic. It is not clear whether the phrase was written by Juvenal, or whether the passage in which it appears was interpolated into his works.
Original context[edit]
The phrase, as it is normally quoted in Latin, comes from the Satires of Juvenal, the 1st–2nd century Romansatirist. Although in its modern usage the phrase has universal, timeless applications to concepts such as tyrannicalgovernments, uncontrollably oppressive dictatorships, and police or judicial corruption and overreach, in context within Juvenal's poem it refers to the impossibility of enforcing moral behaviour on women when the enforcers (custodes) are corruptible (Satire 6, 346–348):
audio quid ueteres olim moneatis amici, | I hear always the admonishment of my friends: |
Modern editors regard these three lines as an interpolation inserted into the text. In 1899 an undergraduate student at Oxford, E. O. Winstedt, discovered a manuscript (now known as O, for Oxoniensis) containing 34 lines which some believe to have been omitted from other texts of Juvenal's poem.[1] The debate on this manuscript is ongoing, but even if the verses are not by Juvenal, it is likely that it preserves the original context of the phrase.[2] If so, the original context is as follows (O 29–33):
... noui | ... I know |
The Guard Mac Os Download
Reference to political power[edit]
This phrase is used generally to consider the embodiment of the philosophical question as to how power can be held to account. It is sometimes incorrectly attributed as a direct quotation from Plato's Republic in both popular media and academic contexts.[3] There is no exact parallel in the Republic, but it is used by modern authors to express Socrates' concerns about the guardians, the solution to which is to properly train their souls.
Several 19th-century examples of the association with Plato can be found, often dropping 'ipsos'.[4][5]John Stuart Mill quotes it thus in Considerations on Representative Government (1861), though without reference to Plato. Plato's Republic though was hardly ever referenced by classical Latin authors like Juvenal, and it has been noted that it simply disappeared from literary awareness for a thousand years except for traces in the writings of Cicero and St. Augustine.[6] In the Republic, a putatively perfect society is described by Socrates, the main character in this Socratic dialogue.
Socrates proposed a guardian class to protect that society, and the custodes (watchmen) from the Satires are often interpreted as being parallel to the Platonic guardians (phylakes in Greek). Socrates' answer to the problem is, in essence, that the guardians will be manipulated to guard themselves against themselves via a deception often called the 'noble lie' in English.[7]As Leonid Hurwicz pointed out in his 2007 lecture on accepting the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, one of Socrates' interlocutors in the Republic, Glaucon, even goes so far as to say 'it would be absurd that a guardian should need a guard.'[8]
The issue of the accountability of political power, traced back to different passages of the Old and New Testaments, received great attention in medieval and early modern Christian thought, especially in connection with the exercise of authority in the Church and in church-state relations.[9] In the Protestant tradition it also animated the debate about who was to be the final arbiter in the interpretation of the Scriptures.[10][11]
In his 2013 report to the UN Human Rights Council the Independent Expert on the Promotion of a Democratic and Equitable International Order elucidated Juvenal's continued relevance: 'Crucial remains the conviction that the government should serve the people and that its powers must be circumscribed by a Constitution and the rule of law. Juvenal's question quis custodiet ipsos custodes (who guards the guardians?) remains a central concern of democracy, since the people must always watch over the constitutional behaviour of the leaders and impeach them if they act in contravention of their duties. Constitutional courts must fulfil this need and civil society should show solidarity with human rights defenders and whistleblowers who, far from being unpatriotic, perform a democratic service to their countries and the world.'[12]
In popular culture[edit]
- The question 'Who watches the watchmen?' often partially appears as graffiti scrawled in the background of Alan Moore and Dave Gibbons' graphic novelWatchmen, but the phrase is never seen in its entirety.[13] Moore stated in an interview that the title of the series related directly to this question, although at the time of the interview Moore did not know where the sentence originated.[14]
- Science fiction author Robert A. Heinlein chose the original Latin phrase as the motto of the Solar Patrol, as depicted in his 1948 novel Space Cadet.
- The internet comedy group LoadingReadyRun made a video parodying the question of 'Who watches the Watchmen?', proposing that the Watchmen watch the city, the 'Neighbourhood Watchmen Watching Organisation' watch the Watchmen, the 'Watching The Neighbourhood Watchmen Watching Organisation Organisation' watch the Neighbourhood Watchmen Watching Organisation, and Geoff watches the 'Watching The Neighbourhood Watchmen Watching Organisation Organisation'. An unnamed person is seen to be watching Geoff.[15]
- The independent film The Guards Themselves[16] by Kyle C. Sullivan and Ian Conn takes its title from this phrase. It tells the tale of a group of so-called anarchists who appear to be villains endeavoring to overthrow the government and who are thwarted repeatedly by supposedly heroic vigilantes. However, the government in their city is corrupted by an actually villainous group of five oligarchs, and the vigilantes are primarily out for publicity; it is the anarchists who are the true guards of their city.
- An episode of Inspector Morse ('Absolute Conviction') references this quote. Whilst speaking with the prison governess Hilary Stephens in an Oxford college, Morse encounters his former college chaplain. Upon finding out that the head of a prison is off prison premises he asks 'quis custodiet ipsos custodes?' Morse finds it amusing since the chaplain says this every time the two meet, only this time it is 'remotely apposite'.
- An episode of the animated seriesThe Simpsons refers to this philosophical question. In episode 1F09, 'Homer the Vigilante', when Homer is talking about having abused his vigilante powers, his elder daughter Lisa asks, 'If you're the police, who will police the police?' Homer responds, 'I don't know. Coast Guard?'[17]
- It appears frequently in Terry Pratchett's Discworld novels, usually heard from Sir Samuel Vimes, commander of the City Watch. He answers it in Thud!, though very briefly, with the line 'I do'. When asked who watches over him, he follows it up with 'I do, too'. It also appears in Feet of Clay and I Shall Wear Midnight. It first appears in Guards! Guards! from a citizen, also addressed to Vimes, as: 'Quis custodiet custard?'
- 'Who Watches the Watchers' is an episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation involving a group of anthropologists who are observing a primitive culture from a concealed location, but are revealed following an accident.
- In Dan Brown's novel Digital Fortress, the phrase appears engraved in a ring owned by Ensei Tankado, a former NSA employee who disapproved of the NSA's intrusion into the people's private lives. The phrase is aimed at the NSA who check for any information on emails sent over the web that endanger national security. The phrase asks who will keep the NSA in check, as they do others.
- In Did I Ever Tell You How Lucky You Are? by Dr. Seuss, the entire town of Hawtch-Hawtch is employed as watchers watching over other watchers leading to the first watcher who is watching the 'lazy town bee' so it will work harder. Since the bee wasn't working harder, it was assumed the bee-watcher wasn't watching hard enough and needed to be watched.
- In the video game Halo: Combat Evolved Anniversary, the seventh Terminal's description is 'Who monitors the Monitor?', and details 343 Guilty Spark's frustration with loneliness. The replacement of 'watchmen' with 'Monitor' is a reference to Guilty Spark's position of Monitor of Installation 04.[18]
- During an episode of Justice League Unlimited, Batman says the phrase to Green Arrow after Arrow talked Superman and the other founding members out of disbanding the League. Green Arrow translates the Latin to 'Who guards the guardians'. Superman's reason for disbanding the League was that the League were guilty of arrogance, and have alienated the people they were trying to protect. Green Arrow's reason not to disband is that no matter what, they are still heroes and needed greatly.
- In Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, the phrase is handwritten on a floor support near the staircase as Batman carries a weakened Superman over his shoulder at the climax of their duel.
- In the Person of Interest television series, if The Machine ever suffered a hard reset it would then ring a public phone and ask the phrase, and whoever answered the call would have administrative access for 24 hours.
- In the comic book series Countdown to Final Crisis, Donna Troy asks the question 'Who monitors the monitors?' in regards to the 52 monitors from parallel universes and who will keep them in line, following the events of the story.
- In Letter VIII of 'Meditations on the Tarot: A Journey into Christian Hermeticism',[19] on Justice (Tarot card), the anonymous author (now known to have been Valentin Tomberg) includes the phrase in one of the opening epigraphs as follows: 'Quis custodiat custodes? (Who will guard the guards?. . . The fundamental problem of jurisprudence)'.
- In the video game The Evil Within 2, the character Julian Sykes quotes the Latin phrase to protagonist Sebastian Castellanos in reference to Sykes himself having found an escape route, with Sykes abandoning his mission by the company Mobius that hired him. Sebastian expresses confusion at the phrase when given no explanation.
- In the first episode of Watchmen, the character Police Chief Judd Crawford quotes the Latin phrase to his assembled Tulsa, Oklahoma, police force to invoke Article 4, which allows the 24-hour release of deadly weapons. The police force calls back, in unison, 'Nos costodimus', which means 'we uphold'.
- In the Russian version of the Cyberpunk 2077 video game the original sentence is used as a translation of a title of a side mission Bullets, in which the protagonist, V, must defeat a cyberpsychopath assaulting a clothes shop. The mission remains in close reference to the first trailer of the game, featuring the song Bullets by Archive, where a similar scenario of a cyberpsychopath attack is shown.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^E. O. Winstedt 1899, 'A Bodleian MS of Juvenal', Classical Review 13: 201–205.
- ^Recently J. D. Sosin 2000, 'Ausonius' Juvenal and the Winstedt fragment', Classical Philology 95.2: 199–206 has argued for an early date for the poem.
- ^E.g. Who Are The Watchmen?; T. Besley and J.A. Robinson, 'Quis Custodiet Ipsos Custodes? Civilian Control over the Military', Journal of the European Economic Association v. 8, pp. 655–663, 2010; and P. Corning, The Fair Society: The Science of Human Nature and the Pursuit of Social Justice, University of Chicago Press, p. 146, 2011.
- ^Oxenham, H.N. (1878). 'Moral and Religious Estimate of Vivisection'. Gentleman's Magazine, and Historical Chronicle. 243 (Jul. to Dec): 732.
- ^Maguire, Thomas (1866). An Essay on the Platonic Idea. London: Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer. p. 39.
- ^Jayapalan, N. (2002). Comprehensive Study of Plato. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p. 10.
- ^Plato (2008) [c. 380 BC]. The Republic. Benjamin Jowett, transl; EBook produced by Sue Asscher and David Widger. Project Gutenberg.
How then may we devise one of those needful falsehoods of which we lately spoke – just one royal lie which may deceive the rulers, if that be possible, and at any rate the rest of the city?
- ^Book III, XII, 403E, p. 264 (Greek) and p. 265 (English), in volume I, of Plato, The Republic (ΠΟΛΙΤΕΙΑ), with an English translation by Paul Shorey, London, William Heinemann Ltd.; New York: G. P. Putnam's sons, 1930, as cited by Leonid Hurwicz, ' But Who Will Guard the Guardians?', Nobel Prize Lecture, December 8, 2007, Accessed April 27, 2011.
- ^Matis, Hannah W. (2019). The Song of Songs in the Early Middle Ages. Brill. pp. 117–38.
- ^Eco, Umberto (1984). Semiotics and the Philosophy of Language. Indiana University Press. p. 150.
- ^Guarino, Thomas G. (2013). Vincent of Lérins and the Development of Christian Doctrine. Baker Academic. p. 119.
- ^https://ap.ohchr.org/documents/dpage_e.aspx?si=A/HRC/24/38, paragraph 52
- ^Atkinson, Doug. The Annotated Watchmen. http://www.capnwacky.com/rj/watchmen/chapter1.html.[permanent dead link]
- ^Plowright, Frank. 'Preview: Watchmen'. Amazing Heroes. June 15, 1986.
- ^'Watchmen Watching'.
- ^The Guards Themselves at IMDb
- ^[1F09] Homer the VigilanteArchived 1997-07-10 at the Wayback Machine
- ^343 Industries. Halo: Combat Evolved Anniversary. Xbox 360. Microsoft Game Studios
- ^http://www.fourhares.com/pdfs/mott/Letter-8.pdf
The Guard Mac Os 11
External links[edit]
Reference to political power[edit]
This phrase is used generally to consider the embodiment of the philosophical question as to how power can be held to account. It is sometimes incorrectly attributed as a direct quotation from Plato's Republic in both popular media and academic contexts.[3] There is no exact parallel in the Republic, but it is used by modern authors to express Socrates' concerns about the guardians, the solution to which is to properly train their souls.
Several 19th-century examples of the association with Plato can be found, often dropping 'ipsos'.[4][5]John Stuart Mill quotes it thus in Considerations on Representative Government (1861), though without reference to Plato. Plato's Republic though was hardly ever referenced by classical Latin authors like Juvenal, and it has been noted that it simply disappeared from literary awareness for a thousand years except for traces in the writings of Cicero and St. Augustine.[6] In the Republic, a putatively perfect society is described by Socrates, the main character in this Socratic dialogue.
Socrates proposed a guardian class to protect that society, and the custodes (watchmen) from the Satires are often interpreted as being parallel to the Platonic guardians (phylakes in Greek). Socrates' answer to the problem is, in essence, that the guardians will be manipulated to guard themselves against themselves via a deception often called the 'noble lie' in English.[7]As Leonid Hurwicz pointed out in his 2007 lecture on accepting the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, one of Socrates' interlocutors in the Republic, Glaucon, even goes so far as to say 'it would be absurd that a guardian should need a guard.'[8]
The issue of the accountability of political power, traced back to different passages of the Old and New Testaments, received great attention in medieval and early modern Christian thought, especially in connection with the exercise of authority in the Church and in church-state relations.[9] In the Protestant tradition it also animated the debate about who was to be the final arbiter in the interpretation of the Scriptures.[10][11]
In his 2013 report to the UN Human Rights Council the Independent Expert on the Promotion of a Democratic and Equitable International Order elucidated Juvenal's continued relevance: 'Crucial remains the conviction that the government should serve the people and that its powers must be circumscribed by a Constitution and the rule of law. Juvenal's question quis custodiet ipsos custodes (who guards the guardians?) remains a central concern of democracy, since the people must always watch over the constitutional behaviour of the leaders and impeach them if they act in contravention of their duties. Constitutional courts must fulfil this need and civil society should show solidarity with human rights defenders and whistleblowers who, far from being unpatriotic, perform a democratic service to their countries and the world.'[12]
In popular culture[edit]
- The question 'Who watches the watchmen?' often partially appears as graffiti scrawled in the background of Alan Moore and Dave Gibbons' graphic novelWatchmen, but the phrase is never seen in its entirety.[13] Moore stated in an interview that the title of the series related directly to this question, although at the time of the interview Moore did not know where the sentence originated.[14]
- Science fiction author Robert A. Heinlein chose the original Latin phrase as the motto of the Solar Patrol, as depicted in his 1948 novel Space Cadet.
- The internet comedy group LoadingReadyRun made a video parodying the question of 'Who watches the Watchmen?', proposing that the Watchmen watch the city, the 'Neighbourhood Watchmen Watching Organisation' watch the Watchmen, the 'Watching The Neighbourhood Watchmen Watching Organisation Organisation' watch the Neighbourhood Watchmen Watching Organisation, and Geoff watches the 'Watching The Neighbourhood Watchmen Watching Organisation Organisation'. An unnamed person is seen to be watching Geoff.[15]
- The independent film The Guards Themselves[16] by Kyle C. Sullivan and Ian Conn takes its title from this phrase. It tells the tale of a group of so-called anarchists who appear to be villains endeavoring to overthrow the government and who are thwarted repeatedly by supposedly heroic vigilantes. However, the government in their city is corrupted by an actually villainous group of five oligarchs, and the vigilantes are primarily out for publicity; it is the anarchists who are the true guards of their city.
- An episode of Inspector Morse ('Absolute Conviction') references this quote. Whilst speaking with the prison governess Hilary Stephens in an Oxford college, Morse encounters his former college chaplain. Upon finding out that the head of a prison is off prison premises he asks 'quis custodiet ipsos custodes?' Morse finds it amusing since the chaplain says this every time the two meet, only this time it is 'remotely apposite'.
- An episode of the animated seriesThe Simpsons refers to this philosophical question. In episode 1F09, 'Homer the Vigilante', when Homer is talking about having abused his vigilante powers, his elder daughter Lisa asks, 'If you're the police, who will police the police?' Homer responds, 'I don't know. Coast Guard?'[17]
- It appears frequently in Terry Pratchett's Discworld novels, usually heard from Sir Samuel Vimes, commander of the City Watch. He answers it in Thud!, though very briefly, with the line 'I do'. When asked who watches over him, he follows it up with 'I do, too'. It also appears in Feet of Clay and I Shall Wear Midnight. It first appears in Guards! Guards! from a citizen, also addressed to Vimes, as: 'Quis custodiet custard?'
- 'Who Watches the Watchers' is an episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation involving a group of anthropologists who are observing a primitive culture from a concealed location, but are revealed following an accident.
- In Dan Brown's novel Digital Fortress, the phrase appears engraved in a ring owned by Ensei Tankado, a former NSA employee who disapproved of the NSA's intrusion into the people's private lives. The phrase is aimed at the NSA who check for any information on emails sent over the web that endanger national security. The phrase asks who will keep the NSA in check, as they do others.
- In Did I Ever Tell You How Lucky You Are? by Dr. Seuss, the entire town of Hawtch-Hawtch is employed as watchers watching over other watchers leading to the first watcher who is watching the 'lazy town bee' so it will work harder. Since the bee wasn't working harder, it was assumed the bee-watcher wasn't watching hard enough and needed to be watched.
- In the video game Halo: Combat Evolved Anniversary, the seventh Terminal's description is 'Who monitors the Monitor?', and details 343 Guilty Spark's frustration with loneliness. The replacement of 'watchmen' with 'Monitor' is a reference to Guilty Spark's position of Monitor of Installation 04.[18]
- During an episode of Justice League Unlimited, Batman says the phrase to Green Arrow after Arrow talked Superman and the other founding members out of disbanding the League. Green Arrow translates the Latin to 'Who guards the guardians'. Superman's reason for disbanding the League was that the League were guilty of arrogance, and have alienated the people they were trying to protect. Green Arrow's reason not to disband is that no matter what, they are still heroes and needed greatly.
- In Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, the phrase is handwritten on a floor support near the staircase as Batman carries a weakened Superman over his shoulder at the climax of their duel.
- In the Person of Interest television series, if The Machine ever suffered a hard reset it would then ring a public phone and ask the phrase, and whoever answered the call would have administrative access for 24 hours.
- In the comic book series Countdown to Final Crisis, Donna Troy asks the question 'Who monitors the monitors?' in regards to the 52 monitors from parallel universes and who will keep them in line, following the events of the story.
- In Letter VIII of 'Meditations on the Tarot: A Journey into Christian Hermeticism',[19] on Justice (Tarot card), the anonymous author (now known to have been Valentin Tomberg) includes the phrase in one of the opening epigraphs as follows: 'Quis custodiat custodes? (Who will guard the guards?. . . The fundamental problem of jurisprudence)'.
- In the video game The Evil Within 2, the character Julian Sykes quotes the Latin phrase to protagonist Sebastian Castellanos in reference to Sykes himself having found an escape route, with Sykes abandoning his mission by the company Mobius that hired him. Sebastian expresses confusion at the phrase when given no explanation.
- In the first episode of Watchmen, the character Police Chief Judd Crawford quotes the Latin phrase to his assembled Tulsa, Oklahoma, police force to invoke Article 4, which allows the 24-hour release of deadly weapons. The police force calls back, in unison, 'Nos costodimus', which means 'we uphold'.
- In the Russian version of the Cyberpunk 2077 video game the original sentence is used as a translation of a title of a side mission Bullets, in which the protagonist, V, must defeat a cyberpsychopath assaulting a clothes shop. The mission remains in close reference to the first trailer of the game, featuring the song Bullets by Archive, where a similar scenario of a cyberpsychopath attack is shown.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^E. O. Winstedt 1899, 'A Bodleian MS of Juvenal', Classical Review 13: 201–205.
- ^Recently J. D. Sosin 2000, 'Ausonius' Juvenal and the Winstedt fragment', Classical Philology 95.2: 199–206 has argued for an early date for the poem.
- ^E.g. Who Are The Watchmen?; T. Besley and J.A. Robinson, 'Quis Custodiet Ipsos Custodes? Civilian Control over the Military', Journal of the European Economic Association v. 8, pp. 655–663, 2010; and P. Corning, The Fair Society: The Science of Human Nature and the Pursuit of Social Justice, University of Chicago Press, p. 146, 2011.
- ^Oxenham, H.N. (1878). 'Moral and Religious Estimate of Vivisection'. Gentleman's Magazine, and Historical Chronicle. 243 (Jul. to Dec): 732.
- ^Maguire, Thomas (1866). An Essay on the Platonic Idea. London: Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer. p. 39.
- ^Jayapalan, N. (2002). Comprehensive Study of Plato. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p. 10.
- ^Plato (2008) [c. 380 BC]. The Republic. Benjamin Jowett, transl; EBook produced by Sue Asscher and David Widger. Project Gutenberg.
How then may we devise one of those needful falsehoods of which we lately spoke – just one royal lie which may deceive the rulers, if that be possible, and at any rate the rest of the city?
- ^Book III, XII, 403E, p. 264 (Greek) and p. 265 (English), in volume I, of Plato, The Republic (ΠΟΛΙΤΕΙΑ), with an English translation by Paul Shorey, London, William Heinemann Ltd.; New York: G. P. Putnam's sons, 1930, as cited by Leonid Hurwicz, ' But Who Will Guard the Guardians?', Nobel Prize Lecture, December 8, 2007, Accessed April 27, 2011.
- ^Matis, Hannah W. (2019). The Song of Songs in the Early Middle Ages. Brill. pp. 117–38.
- ^Eco, Umberto (1984). Semiotics and the Philosophy of Language. Indiana University Press. p. 150.
- ^Guarino, Thomas G. (2013). Vincent of Lérins and the Development of Christian Doctrine. Baker Academic. p. 119.
- ^https://ap.ohchr.org/documents/dpage_e.aspx?si=A/HRC/24/38, paragraph 52
- ^Atkinson, Doug. The Annotated Watchmen. http://www.capnwacky.com/rj/watchmen/chapter1.html.[permanent dead link]
- ^Plowright, Frank. 'Preview: Watchmen'. Amazing Heroes. June 15, 1986.
- ^'Watchmen Watching'.
- ^The Guards Themselves at IMDb
- ^[1F09] Homer the VigilanteArchived 1997-07-10 at the Wayback Machine
- ^343 Industries. Halo: Combat Evolved Anniversary. Xbox 360. Microsoft Game Studios
- ^http://www.fourhares.com/pdfs/mott/Letter-8.pdf
The Guard Mac Os 11
External links[edit]
Latin Wikisource has original text related to this article: |
Wikisource has original text related to this article: |
- Satire VI in Latin, at The Latin Library
- Satire VI in English (translation by G. G. Ramsay) at the Internet Ancient History Sourcebook